Multi-Modality Neuroimaging Study on Neurobiological Mechanisms of Acupuncture by Jie Tian

Author:Jie Tian
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Singapore, Singapore

3.2.2 Microstructural Abnormalities in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD)

Worldwide use of the Internet has expanded incredibly in the last decade. The Internet provides remote access to other individuals and abundant information in all areas of interest. The IAD has been more and more prevalent and becomes serious society problem, which has attracted the attention of psychiatrists, educators, and the public. Due to the reason that the cognitive control and the impulse control of adolescents are relatively immature, they are at a high risk for addiction problems such as IAD. Though there have been studies suggesting that the IAD was related to gray matter changes, there have been few studies investigating the microstructural integrity of major neuronal fiber pathways in IAD, and almost no studies to date have assessed the temporal course of these changes.

In a more recent study, Yuan and colleagues used an optimized VBM method to investigate brain morphology in adolescents with IAD according to disease duration (Yuan et al. 2011). From previous studies, it was known that IAD subjects showed impaired cognitive control, and accordingly the authors hypothesized that long-term IAD would result in structural alterations in the brain associated with cognitive functional impairment. Assessing regional gray matter volume changes nonparametrically with an optimized VBM method and correcting for multiple comparisons using a cluster-based thresholding method, it was determined that IAD subjects had decreased gray matter volume in several clusters relative to matched control subjects; these regions were the bilateral dorsolateral PFC, SMA, OFC, cerebellum, and left rACC. Moreover, gray matter volumes of the right dorsolateral PFC, left rACC, and right SMA showed significant negative correlations with disease duration (r 1 = 20.73, P 1 < 0.005; r 2 = 20.74, P 2 < 0.005; r 3 = 20.65, P 3 = 0.005). No brain regions showed higher gray matter volumes with respect to matched control subjects (Fig. 3.7).

Fig. 3.7Voxel-based morphometry results (Reprint from Yuan et al. 2011). (a) The gray matter volume of subjects with Internet addiction disorder (IAD) was reduced when compared to the control subjects. (b) Gray matter volumes of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), and supplementary motor area (SMA) were negatively correlated with duration of Internet addiction

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